Citaat van: olivetomato op za 25 mei 2024 - 17:39Mijn moestuin vindt het in ieder geval helemaal geweldig 😁.
CiteerA level 1 and level 2 are issued for the Netherlands, central to E Germany mainly for excessive convective rainfall and to a lesser degree for tornadoes.
DISCUSSION
... central Europe between central France, BeNeLux, Germany, Poland, the Baltic States, Romania and the Alps ...
Despite rather poor lapse rates, the rich low-level moisture is "recycled" into low to moderate CAPE (up to 1000 J/kg, locally more along convergence zones and/or delayed vertical mixing) and allows another round of scattered to widespread, daytime-driven thunderstorms. Under mostly weak vertical wind shear, single cells, multicells and loosely organized clusters are the expected convective modes, and excessive rain is clearly the main hazard. The highest storm coverage is expected at the forward flank of a small cyclone over central Germany, where faint warm air advection and positive vorticity advection create synoptic lift that overlaps with moderate CAPE from Hungary into the Netherlands. This belt is therefore covered by a level 2. In contrast, clouds and rain as well as low-level stabilization quench thunderstorm activity at the cyclone's rear flank across the SW half of Germany.
Marginally large hail, copious amounts of small hail and localized severe wind gusts are secondary hazards, especially from Austria, the Czech Republic and central Poland east- and southward, where lapse rates are slightly steeper and capping is slightly stronger, allowing higher CAPE and therefore more discrete storms. The same applies to the eastern level 1 area across the W Ukraine, W Belarus and NE Poland, where a lack of synoptic lift in vicinity of the blocking anticyclone keeps thunderstorm coverage lower.
Low cloud bases and pronounced low-level convergence can also allow the spin-up of a few short-lived tornadoes, most notably at the nose of the warm air advection regimes across the Netherlands and NW Germany, where low-level wind profiles are best with 0-1 km shear around 10 m/s and pronounced low-level veering. A lack of insolation may be a limiting factor, though. Slightly enhanced tornado possibilities also stretch further along the most pronounced convergence zone across central Germany and Bohemia into E Austria.